Technical Blogs Archives | Reliance Cyber

From 2600 Hz to SIP trunks – Phreaking the modern enterprise VoIP engine

From 2600 Hz to SIP Trunks – Phreaking the Modern Enterprise VoIP Engine. The Evolution of Telecom Exploitation. In 1971, phone phreaking was an analogue craft. A plastic whistle from a Cap’n Crunch cereal box emitting a precise 2600 Hz tone could trick AT&T’s multi-frequency (MF) switches into dropping trunk lines and granting access to operator modes for free long-distance calls. Today, as the UK reaches the final stages of the national PSTN switch-off led by Openreach, corporate telecom infrastructure has fully converged onto IP networks.

The tones that ran the world – A technical retrospective on phreaking

Long before network packets and port scans, the global telecommunications infrastructure was explored, mapped, and manipulated using pure audio frequencies, analogue tone generators, and plastic toy whistles. Here is how phone “phreaks” exploited in-band signalling—and laid the architectural groundwork for modern security engineering.

ClickFix Technique Evolution

ClickFix is a social engineering attack technique that tricks users into manually executing malicious code on their devices by masquerading as routine browser verification checks. Reliance Cyber Security Operations Centre (SOC) and Incident Response team have identified an evolution in tactics being employed, utilising living-off-the-land-binaries and scripts (LOLBAS), command line obfuscation and WebDAV network share mapping for data exfiltration.

Defending At Machine Speed: Our Progress So Far

The battle between cybersecurity attackers and defenders is a constantly evolving arms race. At Reliance Cyber we always try to offer the latest protective technologies to our clients, allowing rapid responses to new attacks, whatever their form.

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The Exploitation Era

The Exploitation Era: Why EMEA Organisations Cannot Out-Patch Frontier AI Alone

From steel to silicon part 5: Your vehicle is a computer – Here’s how to keep it safe. Practical tips for drivers, fleets, and public services

As vehicles become increasingly connected, cybersecurity is no longer a niche concern – it’s a foundational requirement.

From steel to silicon part 4: Modular cyber security – The case for replaceable, transparent vehicle defences

As vehicles evolve into software-defined platforms cyber security is no longer a bolt-on feature — it’s a foundational requirement. But the real question is whether it can be modular, upgradable, and user-controllable.

From steel to silicon part 3: Securing the data centre on wheels – Regulation, architecture, and embedded defence

The most immediate pressure on automakers to take cybersecurity seriously comes not from consumer demand, but from regulation. Over the past five years, a global patchwork of mandates has emerged, forcing OEMs to treat cybersecurity not as a feature, but as a prerequisite for legal compliance and vehicle certification.

From steel to silicon part 2: What can go wrong – Attack vectors and nightmare scenarios in the software-defined vehicle

As cars transform into computers on wheels, they offer cutting-edge functionality but also open up to new cyber attacks.

The modern authentication handbook: From FIDO2 to SASE explained

Our increasing reliance on cloud services, for both core systems and Software as a Service applications, has led to a general move toward a Zero Trust methodology, whether as a deliberate IT strategy or simply organic drift.

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